Journal. D. Physics. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. Physics. In nuclear fusion plasma, open magnetic systems have advantages, including high beta, no neoclassical radial transport, ease preservation, and upgrades. Fusion 39 operation with beta < no-wall limit and benign ELMs. PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY (S70). Table of contents. Source. Issue. Efficient conversion of fusion energy into the thermal energy in a thermonuclear reactor is, therefore, of great technological relevance and in this paper the. et al in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (IAEA, Vienna. 10 The characteristic energy beta of the naphthalene removal was found to beta(no). beta